Old Town of Bilbao: A Guide to the Heart of the Historical City

Old Town of Bilbao: a guide through the heart of the historical city

Explore the Old Town, the medieval core of Bilbao that preserves 700 years of history between iconic streets, where Basque tradition meets the modern dynamism of the city.

Bilbao is a city that perfectly balances its industrial and medieval past with avant-garde urban transformation. For those who have just arrived or are planning to move to the capital of Biscay, understanding its historical map is essential for grasping the Basque soul. The mandatory starting point is undoubtedly the Old Town.

The Old Town: Bilbao's Cradle

Also known as Zazpi Kaleak (The Seven Calles in Basque), the Old Town is the original nucleus of the village, with roots dating back to the city’s founding in the 14th century after receiving the "fuero de villa" in 1300. Located in the Ibaiondo district, this neighborhood is a vibrant pedestrian area where over 700 years of history still breathe at every corner.

Once protected by walls, the neighborhood significantly expanded following the demolition of these fortifications in the 19th century but maintained its medieval layout that enchants residents and visitors alike. As you walk through its streets, you will notice names that refer to ancient professions and markets, such as Carnicería Vieja or Tendería, which were once the commercial centers of local life.

What to See and How to Explore Local History

If you want to dive into Bilbao's heritage, set aside a morning to walk through the main religious and architectural landmarks that define the Old Town:

Santiago Cathedral: The most important temple in the city, located at the heart of the neighborhood.
Historic Churches: Don't miss visiting the churches of San Antón, San Nicolás, and Santos Juanes, which are pillars of Basque architecture and faith.
Traditional Atmosphere: The Old Town is not a static open-air museum; it's an active center. It’s the ideal place to experience local culture, taste traditional pintxos, and observe the contrast between medieval past and modern city life.

From Medieval to Industrial: Expansion to Abando

While the Old Town preserves the atmosphere of ancient Bilbao, it is important to note that the city did not stand still. As you walk towards Abando, you will notice a clear change in the urban landscape. This neighborhood represents the industrial and economic growth that Bilbao experienced during the 19th century.

Unlike the narrow medieval streets of The Seven Calles, Abando showcases wide avenues and bourgeois buildings that tell the story of wealth generated by port and steel activities. It is this duality—the medieval merging with the industrial—that makes Bilbao one of the most interesting cities to live in Spain. For those looking to settle in the city, understanding these divisions helps choose the neighborhood profile that best fits their lifestyle: the historical and authentic bustle of Ibaiondo or the more expansive elegance of Abando.